Best & Worst Years of Nissan Maxima – Graphs & Owner Surveys

The Best Years of the Nissan Maxima

Using the FIXD Reliability Score and Owner Reliability Score, we ranked the best years of the Nissan Maxima from best to worst. We also examine the NHTSA safety ratings, fuel economy, market value, and repair costs. We also dive into the most common DTCs, and safety recalls in each model year. 

2016-2017 Nissan Maxima

The 2016-2017 Maxima is a complete redesign after Nissan didn’t produce any 2015 model years. Setting a tone for the 8th generation, the Maxima debuts with sporty features and performance while offering a luxury feel to a family sedan. The 3.5-liter V6 engine now produces 300 horsepower, and the Maxima is equipped with a new Xtronic transmission. It makes the top of our list of Maximas because of its great reliability scores, good fuel economy, and excellent safety scores. 

The 2016-2017 Maxima scores an above-average 7/10 FIXD Reliability Score alongside a perfect 10/10 Owner Reliability Score. The alignment between these scores shows that owners are happy with the vehicle, and it has proven reliable. The average mileage of these cars is only 75,000, and with a price tag of less than $15,000, it would be a great Maxima to own. 

The safety rating for 2016-2017 is 4.8 out of 5 stars, making it one of the safest family sedans on the market. This score ties with the 2016-2017 Ford Taurus but is higher than the Chevrolet Impala, which scored 4.4 in both years. 

The annual repair cost of the 2016 Nissan Maxima is only $417, the second lowest of all years for which we have data (2018 is first). This defies the usual trend of a first year of the generation having multiple issues that need correcting. The average repair cost of the Maxima is $946 a year. The 2017 Maxima’s annual repair and maintenance cost is much higher, $1,046. 

P0430 is the first most common DTC for the 2016 Maxima and the second most common for the 2017. This is bad news because it means “Catalyst system efficiency below threshold (Bank 2),” and is most commonly caused by a faulty catalytic converter. Replacing the catalytic converter can cost between $400-$2,400. 

The first most common DTC for the 2017 Maxima and the second for 2016 is P17F1, which is more bad news for this sedan. P17F1 in the Nissan Maxima usually resulted in an automatic transmission replacement, costing $2,528-$3,045. The last common code is P0456, “EVAP Flow During a Non-Purge Condition.” P0456 is most commonly fixed by replacing the EVAP Purge Volume Control Valve, which costs $150-$200. 

The 2016 Nissan Maxima shows its first-of-the-generation problems with its eight recalls and 107 complaints. 2017 Nissan Maxima greatly improved, with only four recalls and 73 complaints. Three recalls are related to brake fluid leaking into the ABS pump, creating a potential fire risk. 

2013-2014 Nissan Maxima

The 2013-2014 Nissan Maxima is popular for its sport performance with a luxury feel. The last model years of the seventh generation, 2013 introduced a new value package to its Maxima 3.5 SV trim, and 2014 added a Limited Edition package. These Nissan Maximas are some of the best due to the FIXD Reliability Score and solid fuel economy. 

It is important to know that the data for 2013 is generated from a small sample size. The data could be skewed in either direction if more FIXD apps were installed in the 2013 model years and if more 2013 owners submitted complete surveys. 

The FIXD Reliability Score for 2013  gets the highest of any other Nissan Maxima, with a perfect 10/10. This means fewer engine-related check engine lights (CELs) are triggered than in any other model year of this car. The Owner Reliability Score is lower than average, at only 4/10. This could mean issues unrelated to the engine affect their perception of the car. The main complaint is that the car is expensive to repair. It also spent an average of six days in the shop in 2022, four days higher than the average of two days. 

The 2014 Maxima scores above average at 6/10 for both FIXD and Owner Reliability Scores. 

Safety scores aren’t overly impressive at only 3.8 out of 5 stars. The lower score is mainly because the front passenger side NHTSA crash test only scored 2/5 stars. The rollover rating scored a perfect 5 stars. The 2013 Chevrolet Impala doesn’t fare much better, at only 4/5 stars. 

The main complaint about these model years is that they are expensive to repair. While annual maintenance and repair costs for the 2013 Maxima are seemingly high at $750, it is lower than the average of $946. Another thing to note is there are 275,000 miles reported for the 2013 model, meaning it is reliable enough to be on the road for an extended time. The 2014 Maxima is $250 higher at $1,000 for annual repairs and maintenance. 

The 2013 Nissan Maxima’s most common DTC is P0024, which means “Exhaust Camshaft Timing- Over-Advanced Bank 2.” This code could indicate a serious issue, including dirty or low oil, incorrect oil in the engine, or camshaft variable timing solenoid failure. It could also mean the camshaft phaser is seized in the advanced position or continuous oil flow to the variable camshaft timing chamber. The most common fixes to these potential issues are an oil change ($20-$60), a new oil control valve or variable valve timing control solenoid ($300-$400), or a new engine ($3,000-$4,000).  

Second place for 2013 is P0031, which is “HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low (Bank 1, Sensor 1)” The most common fixes are replacing the oxygen sensor, which could cost $200-$300, or a possible wiring repair/replacement, which could cost anywhere from $100 to $1,000. Third place belongs to P0171, meaning Bank 1 has too much air or insufficient fuel. This typically indicates a vacuum leak, which might cost $100-$200 to repair. 

The 2014 Maxima’s third most common DTC is 2013’s first, P0024. The most popular CEL for 2014 is triggered by  P0420, or “Catalyst system efficiency below threshold (Bank 1).” P0420 is typically a result of a bad catalytic converter and a replacement costs anywhere from $1,538-$2,041. The next most common code is P0014, which means “Exhaust Camshaft Timing Over Advanced (Bank 1).” P0014 could be caused by the same things causing P0024 in the 2013 Maxima. 

Another testament to the 2013 Nissan Maxima’s reliability is its zero recalls, zero investigations, and only 59 complaints. The 2014 Maxima has the same number of recalls and investigations but increases slightly to 84 complaints. 

2019 Nissan Maxima

It is no surprise that the newest Maxima we have data for is on our list of best Nissan Maxima’s. The 2019 Nissan Maxima is a four-door sports car that lets you transport your family in style. The 2019 Maxima has good reliability scores, great fuel economy, lower-than-average ownership costs, and a great safety rating. 

The safety rating for the 2019 Nissan Maxima is a perfect 5 stars, tying the 2019 Honda Accord (5/5). The score exceeds the 2019 Chevrolet Impala (4.4/5) and the 2019 Ford Taurus (4.8/5). 

The annual repair and maintenance cost for the 2019 Nissan Maxima is only $750. This is almost $200 lower than the average ($946). The only concern is that the average mileage is only 50,000, which makes $750 seemingly steep for a car driven with such low mileage. 

Common DTCs for the 2019 Maxima include P0430 and P0456. P0430 means “Catalyst system efficiency below threshold (Bank 2)” and is most commonly caused by that dreaded catalytic converter ($1,538-$2,041). P0456 is an “Evaporative emission control system leak (small)” most commonly caused by a loose gas cap. Tighten it to spend no money for this fix, or replace it for $20-$60. 

The 2019 Nissan Maxima continues its great track record for safety recalls and complaints, only having one recall and an impressive eleven complaints. 

2009 Nissan Maxima

2009 introduced the new 7th generation of the Nissan Maxima, seeing a complete redesign. With an all-new look and an upgraded V6 engine that produces 290 horsepower, Nissan focused on performance and luxury.

The FIXD Reliability Score and Owner Reliability Score for 2009 are above average at 6/10. 

The 2009 Nissan Maxima gets a perfect 5-star safety rating, making it one of the safest cars on the road for that model year. This is higher than three of its major competitors, the 2009 Honda Accord (4.4 stars), the 2009 Ford Taurus (4.6 stars), and the 2009 Chevrolet Impala (4.6 stars). 

Another great aspect of the 2009 Nissan Maxima is the low cost of annual maintenance and repair. At only $450, it is almost $500 lower than the average of $946. 

Common DTCs for the 2009 Maxima are P0171 and P0174, indicating banks 1 and 2 have too much air or insufficient fuel. While the most common problem is a vacuum leak, there are multiple potential causes and repairs exist. These include:

• Vacuum leak $100-$200
• Clean MAF $100
• Replace MAF $300
• Fuel Pump $1300-$1700
• Fuel pressure regulator $200-$400
• Exhaust repair $100-$200 (if welded to repair)
• Air fuel sensor or oxygen sensor $200-$300

While the recalls stay low at only one, the 2009 Nissan Maxima sees another increase in complaints with 333.

The Worst Years of the Nissan Maxima

Listed from worst to best are the Nissan Maxima models we recommend avoiding. The main criteria are FIXD Reliability Score and Owner Reliability Score. We also considered safety ratings, miles per gallon, market value, and repair costs. Lastly, we look at the common DTCs and safety recalls. 

2002-2003 Nissan Maxima

The worst Nissan Maxima is the oldest for which we have adequate data, 2002-2003. The previous year (2001) introduced a 20th-anniversary edition, and the 2002 model gained an engine upgrade that brought the V6 up to 255 horsepower. 2003 introduced another new trim, the Titanium edition, and continued its trim toward a sportier family sedan with exterior style revisions. We recommend avoiding this car due to its low reliability, maintenance costs, and overall low market value. 

FIXD Reliability Score is 1/10 in 2002 and 2/10 in 2003. The Owner Reliability Score is higher at 5/10 and 7/10, respectively. This is another indicator that owners aren’t aware of how unreliable their cars might be. 

The safety rating for the 2002-2003 Nissan Maxima is 4 out of 5 stars. While this is equivalent to the 2002-2003 Ford Taurus (4/5), it is less than both the 2002-2003 Chevrolet Impala (4.4/5) and Honda Accord (4.6-4.8/5). While shopping for car insurance, a lower safety rating results in a higher premium, which could significantly affect the ownership costs of a 20-year-old vehicle. 

Annual repair and maintenance costs are almost as high as the market value of the 2002-2003 Nissan Maxima, another reason to avoid it. The 2002 Maxima will cost an average of $1,000 annually, and 67% of owners reported a single repair costing over $500. The 2003 Maxima has the highest repair costs at $1,428, and there is an average of 100% chance for a $500+ repair.

The most common DTC for the 2002 Maxima is the dreaded catalytic converter ($1,538-$2,041) light, P0430. Another contributing factor to the low FIXD Reliability Score is the frequency of P0021 (Intake Camshaft Position Timing- Over-Advanced (Bank 2)). An engine oil issue or a camshaft problem mostly causes P0021. The most common fixes are an oil change ($20-$60), an oil control valve or variable valve timing control solenoid ($300-$400), or a new engine ($3,000-$4,000). 

While it shares some of the same codes as the 2002 model, the 2003 Maxima adds P0011 as one of the most common, severe codes meaning “Intake Camshaft Timing Over Advanced Bank 1.” The repairs are the same as listed previously for P0021. 

The 2002 Nissan Maxima has more recalls and complaints than any listed on the best years of the car, with nine recalls, one investigation, and 217 complaints. The 2003 Maxima does much better with recalls, having only four, but still has one investigation and over 200 complaints (203). 

2004-2006 Nissan Maxima

The 2004 Nissan Maxima introduced the 6th generation and is a prime example of a new generation bringing a plethora of reliability issues. We recommend avoiding the 2004-2006 Nissan Maxima due to low-reliability scores, high maintenance costs, below-average safety ratings, and many complaints. 

The FIXD Reliability Score is only 1/10 for 2004-2006, while the Owner Reliability Score is 6/10 for 2004 and 5/10 for 2005 and 2006. While the reliability scores are down compared to other Maximas, the Owner Reliability Score remains higher than FIXD.

Safety ratings are barely below the overall average of all vehicles, with a 4.2 out of 5-star score. While it isn’t the worst score Maximas gets, there are still a few options with better scores on the other side of the list. 

Maintenance and repair will cost an average of $1,250 for 2004, $1,000 for 2005, and $917 for 2006. Considering the cars aren’t worth much more than $3,000, these high costs are hard to justify. 83% of the 2006 Maxima owners also said they paid over $500 for a repair in 2022. These costs are also concerning considering 2004 and 2006 have an average of 125,000 miles, while 2005 has 133,000. 

P0420, the catalytic converter issue, is the most common DTC for the 2005 and 2006 Maxima. 2006’s second most popular code is P0430, resulting in the assumption you’ll have to replace the catalytic converter ($1,538-$2,041) in these model years. 

The 2004 Maxima adds a frequent P0300 or random multiple misfires. Replacing ignition coils ($51-$173) typically fixes this code. P0113, “Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor Circuit High Input Problem,” is prevalent in 2005. This code in the Maxima usually resulted in replacing the Mass Air Flow Sensor, costing $172-$309. 2006 Maxima’s final contribution is P0340, “Camshaft Position Sensor Circuit Malfunction.” This code is severe, and you should stop driving immediately if your car triggers it. The most common fix in the Maxima is a new camshaft position sensor ($56-$159). 

The 2004 Nissan Maxima has two recalls, one investigation, and 1,424 complaints. 2005 Maxima has two recalls and 946 complaints, while the 2006 Maxima has two recalls and 574 complaints. This huge leap in complaints is mainly related to the power train, which gets credit for well over 50% of those complaints.

2018 Nissan Maxima

A five-year-old car is rarely on the worst side of the fence, but the 2018’s claim to fame is a low FIXD Reliability Score. Continuing its trend into a sporty family vehicle, 2018 adds a Midnight edition and Android Auto as standard equipment. 

We recommend avoiding the 2018 Maxima mainly because of the low FIXD Reliability Score (1/10). The Owner Reliability Score is significantly higher, at a perfect 10/10. This is an example of owners unaware of the issues plaguing their cars. We also have less data for the 2018 Maxima than other years, and gaining a larger sample size could affect the scores. 

The 2018 Maxima has a few strong points, and the 4.8 out of 5-star safety rating is one of them. This is comparable to the best family sedans on the market but less than the 2018 Honda Accord, which received a perfect 5 stars. 

Another positive of this vehicle is the low repair and maintenance costs. The 2018 Maxima is the lowest reported at $250 annually. 

The reason for such a low FIXD Reliability Score is the large number of DTCs triggered by this model year. The most common code for the 2018 Maxima is P015C, which means “O2 Sensor Delayed Response – Rich to Lean.” The next most common code is P014E, meaning “O2 Sensor Slow Response – Rich to Lean.” Both codes are commonly fixed by replacing an oxygen sensor, which could cost $155-$500.  The top three are U1000, “Communication Area Network (CAN) Lost Communication.” This might suggest a faulty engine control module (ECM) and could cost $900-$1,000. 

The 2018 Nissan Maxima has two recalls and 27 complaints. 

2012 Nissan Maxima

Nissan produced four years in a row (2009-2012) of the Maxima that we recommend avoiding like politics at Thanksgiving. The 2012 Nissan Maxima is separated from 2009-2011 because it received a mid-generation facelift. Nissan added a Limited Edition and improved some of the stying this year. However, the low reliability and safety scores make us rank it as one of the worst Nissan Maximas. 

The FIXD Reliability Score for the 2012 Maxima is only 3/10, but the Owner Reliability Score is an impressive 8/10. 

The safety rating is tied for the lowest rating across all Maximas, at only 3.8 out of 5 stars. This low safety score could affect your insurance premium and is something to consider since 40% of all Maxima owners use it as a family vehicle. The 2012 Ford Taurus (4.6) and Chevy Impala (4) scored better than the Maxima. 

Repair costs for this Maxima are reasonable at only $688, but 90% of owners reported paying $500+ for a repair. 10% of the time, it was a required engine repair. 

The most common DTC for the 2012 Maxima is P0101, or “Mass Air Flow (MAF) Circuit/Performance Malfunction.” The most common reason for this CEL is a bad mass airflow sensor, which could cost $220-$320 to replace. It could also be a dirty air filter ($50-$70). Worst case scenario, the notorious catalytic converter must be replaced ($1,538-$2,041). 

Another common engine code is P0303, a cylinder three misfire. Replacing the ignition coils usually fixes it and costs only $51-$173. Lastly, P0456 (Evaporative emission control system leak (small)) makes another appearance and indicates a loose or faulty gas cap ($20-$60). 

Boasting no recalls or complaints, the 2012 Nissan Maxima has 102 complaints.

2007 Nissan Maxima

The 2007 Maxima was a mid-generation facelift for this sedan, which is why it is separated from the pack of 2004-2006. Nissan made interior and exterior upgrades and replaced the manual transmission option with a continuously variable transmission. 

The 2007 Nissan Maxima’s FIXD Reliability Score is 4/10, while the Owner Reliability Score is 9/10.

The safety rating for the 2007 Nissan Maxima is nothing to write home about, at only 4.2 stars out of 5. However, it is almost half a star better than one of its competitors, the Ford Taurus, which scored 3.8 out of 5 in 2007. 

High maintenance and repair costs aren’t a big surprise for any year of the Nissan Maxima, with the average being a steep $946. Another downside for 2007 is that its costs are over $300 higher than average, at $1,250 annually. 

The most common DTC for the 2007 Maxima is P0420, while the third most common is P0430. These diagnostic trouble codes point to a bad catalytic converter, costing $1,538-$2,041. The second most common code is P0300, random multiple misfires, usually fixed by replacing ignition coils ($51-$173). 

The 2007 Nissan Maxima has one recall, one investigation, and 129 complaints. 

2010-2011 Nissan Maxima

After a successful first year of the 7th generation, the reliability drops in the 2010-2011 Nissan Maxima. While it is usually the first year of a new generation with the most issues, 2010-2011 have more DTCs and higher ownership repair costs, making these years some of the worst Nissan Maximas. 

The FIXD Reliability Score for the 2010 Maxima is 3/10 but rose to 5/10 for the 2011 Maxima. 2010 Maxima Owners believe it is reliable enough to warrant a 9/10 Owner Reliability Score before it drops to 7/10 in 2011. 

While we recommend staying away from the 2010-2011 Maxima, if you already own one, you can find solace in its perfect safety rating of 5 stars. 

The average maintenance and repair cost per year for Maximas is $946, and 2010 ($536) stays well below it. However, the 2011 Maxima ties for the highest annual ownership costs of $1,438. This price tag is another reason to stay away from these years completely. 

The 2010 Nissan Maxima’s most common codes are P0306, P0057, and P0158. P0306 indicates a misfire in cylinder 6, and the most common repair is replacing ignition coils ($51-$173). P0057 means “H02S2 Heater Control Circuit Low (Bank 2, Sensor 2)” and is commonly cured by replacing a heated oxygen sensor ($200-$300). However, it could require a wiring repair/replacement ($100-$1,000) or a new ECM ($1,000-$1,200). These potential issues are another reason to avoid these years of the 7th generation.P0158 is “O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2, Sensor 2)”. Replace your O2 sensor ($200-$300) to fix this CEL. 

P0101 is the most common DTC in the 2011 Maxima, and it means “Mass Air Flow (MAF) Circuit/Performance Malfunction.” The most common reason for code P0101 is a bad mass airflow sensor, which will cost $220-$320 to fix. The 2011 Nissan Maxima also frequently triggers an oxygen sensor ($200-$300) code, P0159. 

2010 Nissan Maxima improved slightly from 2009 regarding recalls and complaints, with one and 272.  By the 2011 Nissan Maxima, the recall issues seem to be ironed out since it has no recalls or investigations and only 102 complaints. Most complaints are about steering, and the recalls for 2010 are because of the suspension/strut insulator cracking.

FAQs

What years of the Nissan Maxima have engine and/or transmission problems?

According to the data we have collected from FIXD Scanners, the 2005-2006 Nissan Maxima’s number one DTC is caused by the catalytic converter. Our Owner Reliability data shows us that the engine is the cause of a $500+ repair 20% of the time in the 2010-2011 Maxima. The 2002-2003 Maximas trigger DTCs (P0021 and P0011) that could result in an engine replacement. 

2016 and 2017 Maximas have a common P17F1 DTC, which might result in a replacement of the transmission. 

According to the NHTSA, the 2004-2006 Nissan Maxima also has many complaints. Over 50% of those complaints are related to the power train, meaning there could be significant issues with the transmission. 

What is considered high mileage for a Nissan Maxima?

According to our exclusive data, the Nissan Maxima’s high mileage would be over 225,000. The highest average mileage is 275,000 in both 2008 and 2013. 

The lowest reported average mileage is 25,000 in 2018. The average mileage of all years of the Nissan Maxima is 139,417.

While high mileage isn’t always a determination of reliability, it is important for many other reasons. A car’s mileage inversely affects its value given by insurance or car dealers. It is also a good measure of when certain mechanical features should be replaced or maintained to prevent failure. 

Certain driving conditions and an owner’s lack of devotion to maintenance could cause issues premature the expected mileage for those problems. You should inspect your Maxima regardless of the mileage to catch problems before they become a safety hazard. 

What other vehicles should I consider? 

If you’re shopping for a used vehicle and considering the Nissan Maxima, you may want to know what other options you should explore. 

The Toyota Avalon offers a spacious interior, comfortable ride, and strong reliability. Like most Toyotas, it has a high resale value and advanced safety features. 

Another alternative is the Ford Taurus. The Taurus provides a smooth and quiet ride and a comfortable cabin. With its strong performance and advanced technology, the Taurus can be a practical choice if you’re looking for a reliable and spacious sedan. 

The Chevrolet Impala is also worth considering. It offers a roomy, well-designed interior that is perfect for a family vehicle. It also provides ample power, good fuel efficiency, and modern features at an affordable price. 

Lastly, the Honda Accord is another great family sedan to consider. The Accord stands out with its engaging driving dynamics, excellent fuel efficiency, and spacious interior. It combines comfort and sportiness while offering advanced safety features and a reputation for reliability. 

What owners of the Nissan Maxima like to use their car for:

We asked owners, “What do you use your car for?” on a survey. 40% of people use the Maxima as a family vehicle, while 34% use it for lots of driving. The next highest is luxurious driving at 11% and then sport or fast driving at 9%. 4% reported using the Maxima as an office on wheels, 1% used it for off-road driving, and 0% reported using it to tow/haul. 

Frequent Use Categories:	How Useful? (Out of 5 Stars)
Family Vehicle	****
Lots of Driving (travel/long commute)	****
Hauling/Towing	*
Office on Wheels	*
Sport/Fast Driving	*
Luxurious Driving	**
Outdoor/Off-Road	*

A Note About Data and Information Sources

This article has many details about Nissan Maxima reliability; here’s what we used for our assumptions and recommendations.

• FIXD Reliability Score & Data: Engine reliability information is captured via the FIXD App. 

The FIXD Reliability Score is calculated using the number of DTCs per year, weighted by mileage. This is then turned into a scale of 1-10 for easy graphing. 

This is an objective score.

• Owner Reliability Score & Data: This data is the result of surveying Nissan Maxima owners who use FIXD. 

The Owner Reliability Score comes straight from owners of the Nissan Maxima.  

This is a subjective score.

To determine the Owner Reliability Score we ask each car owner:

How reliable would you say your Nissan Maxima is?

a. Just point A to point B driving

b. A Daily Commuter

c. Good for a 100 mile road trip

d. Good for a 500 mile road trip

e. I could take a cross-country road trip, no problem

From here we translate their answers into the Owner Reliability Score:

a. = 2

b. = 4

c. = 6

d. = 8

e. = 10

Keep in mind, owners may think their car is more or less reliable than it actually is. 

One potential problem is that people often buy the same make or model they are used to when they go car shopping, just a newer year.

Ford, for instance, has a number of consumer loyalty awards for the Ford F-Series, Ford Mustang, and Ford Expedition.

Car owners may be so loyal to the make or model they currently own that they would have trouble accurately comparing their cars’ reliability to others. 

It’s for this reason that we ask car owners a question that is relative to mileage rather than relative to other cars. 

Still, be mindful of the accuracy of these Owner Reliability Scores, people’s perceptions and unconscious blindspots can skew data. 

We suggest looking at both the FIXD Reliability Score and the Owner Reliability Score for this reason.

• KBB Value: Average private-seller valuations as supplied by Kelley Blue Book (KBB), based on a Nissan Maxima with typical mileage for that respective model year.
• Fuel Economy: Mileage-per-gallon estimates according to the EPA MPG on Fueleconomy.gov
• Annual Maintenance/Repair: Upkeep expenses as reported by surveyed Nissan Maxima owners
• Safety Rating: Crash test data collected and reported by NHTSA. We average all ratings for each year to come up with a simplified, average safety score. This makes it easier to look at on a graph.

References

1. Nissan Maxima model-specific information, edmunds.com (various dates). Retrieved July 5, 2023, from https://www.edmunds.com/
2. Model-specific recall information as per the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration. Retrieved July 5, 2023, from https://www.nhtsa.gov/recalls
3. Nissan Maxima Generations, carbuzz.com. Retrieved July 5, 2023, from https://carbuzz.com/cars/nissan/maxima-generations
4. Nissan Maxima: 40 years a flagship, nissannews.com, September 21, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2023, from https://usa.nissannews.com/en-US/releases/release-4c87516c6645e7dae3d52e6f83012cbd-nissan-maxima-40-years-a-flagship?selectedTabId=releases
5. Nissan Maxima model-specific information, usa.nissannews.com (various dates). Retrieved July 11, 2023, from https://usa.nissannews.com/en-US/releases
6. Engine code information, repairpal.com (various dates). Retrieved July 11, 2023, from https://repairpal.com/obd-ii-code-chart
7. Model-specific information, Insurance Institute of Highway Safety (various dates). Retrieved July 11, 2023, from https://www.iihs.org/ratings/vehicle/Nissan/maxima-4-door-sedan/